Westwind Primary School   9040 W. Campbell   Phoenix, Arizona (623) 772-2700

4th grade

MATH VOCABULARY

CHAPTER 1  

PLACE VALUE AND MONEY

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CHAPTER 2  

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

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CHAPTER 3  

    DATA, STATISTICS, AND GRAPHING

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CHAPTER 4  

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION FACTS

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CHAPTER 5 

MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS

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CHAPTER 6  

MULTIPLY BY 2-DIGIT NUMBERS

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CHAPTER 7  

DIVIDE BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS

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CHAPTER 8  

DIVIDE BY 2-DIGIT NUMBERS

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CHAPTER 9  

MEASUREMENT

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CHAPTER 10  

GEOMETRY

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CHAPTER 11  

FRACTIONS AND PROBABILITY

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CHAPTER 12

FRACTION OPERATIONS

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CHAPTER 13 

RELATE FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS

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CHAPTER 14

DECIMAL OPERATIONS

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addend - An addend is a number to be added.

area - The area of a closed figure is the amount of surface enclosed by the figure, measured in square units.

Associative Property of Addition - The Associative Property of Addition states that when adding, the grouping of the addends does not change the sum.

Example:    (3 + 5) + 4 = 12

                    3 + (5 + 4) = 12

Associative Property of Multiplication - The Associative Property of Multiplication states that when multiplying, the grouping of factors does not change the product.

Example:    2 X (4 X 3) = 24
                    
                    (2 X 4) X 3 = 24

average - Average is another word for mean.

bar graph - A bar graph is a graph that displays data by using bars of different heights.

capacity - The capacity of a container is a measure of dry or liquid volume of the inside of the container.

common denominator - A common denominator is the same denominator shared by 2 or more fractions.

Commutative Property of Addition - The Commutative Property of Addition states that when adding, the order of the numbers does not affect the sum.

Example:    23 + 45 = 68

                    45 + 23 = 68

Commutative Property of Multiplication - The Commutative Property of Multiplication states that when multiplying, the order of the factors does not change the product.

Example:    9 X 3 = 27

                    3 X 9 = 27

compatible numbers - Compatible numbers are numbers that are close to the numbers in a problem and easy to divide mentally.

compensation - Compensation is used in addition: add a number to 1 addend and subtract the same number from the other addend to find the sum.

decimal - A decimal is a number that uses place value and a decimal point to show tenths, hundredths, and thousandths.

decimal point - A decimal point is a period separating the ones and the tenths in a decimal.

degrees Celsius (ºC) - Degrees Celsius is a unit for measuring temperature.

degrees Fahrenheit  (ºF)- Degrees Fahrenheit is a unit for measuring temperature.

denominator - A denominator is the number below the bar in a fraction.

difference - A difference is an answer to a subtraction problem.

digit - A digit is any of the symbols used to write numbers (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9).

dividend - A dividend is a number to be divided.

divisor - A divisor is the number by which the dividend is divided.

elapsed time - Elapsed time is the amount of time that passes from the start to the end of an activity.

estimate - An estimate is an answer that is close to the exact answer.

equation - An equation is a mathematical statement with an equal sign.

equivalent decimals - Equivalent decimals are decimals that name the same numbers.

equivalent fractions - Equivalent fractions are fractions that name the same number.

expanded form - Expanded form is a way of writing a number as the sum of the values of its digits.

expression - Expression is a group of numbers and symbols that shows a mathematical quantity.

Example:  (3 X 6) X (25 + 5)

factors - Factors are numbers that are multiplied to give a product.

favorable outcomes - Favorable outcomes are the desired results in a probability experiment.

function - A function is a relationship in which one quantity depends on another quantity.

greatest common factor - The greatest common factor is the greatest number that is a common factor of 2 or more numbers.

Identity Property of Addition - The Identity Property of Addition states that when 0 is added to a number, the sum is the number.

Identity Property of Multiplication - The Identity Property of Multiplication states that when a number is multiplied by 1, the product is the number.

improper fraction - An improper fraction is a fraction that has a numerator that is greater than or equal to the denominator.

is greater than (>) - The is greater than symbol shows that the first number is greater than the second.

Example: 12 > 8

is less than (<) - The is less than symbol shows that the first number is less than the second.

Example: 13 < 25

line graph - A line graph is a graph that uses a line to show the relationship between 2 sets of data.

line of symmetry - A line of symmetry is a line on which a figure can be folded so that its 2 halves match exactly. 

mass - Mass is the amount of matter an object has.

mean - A mean is the quotient when the sum of 2 or more numbers is divided by the number of addends.

median - A median is the middle number in a group of numbers arranged in numerical order.

Example: The median of 3, 6, and 8 is 6.

mixed number - A mixed number is a number that combines a whole number and a fraction.

Example:  1 3/4 

mode - The mode is the number or numbers that occur most often in a collection of data.

Example: 3, 5, 4, 6, 7, 4, 2, 3, 4
The mode is 4.

multiple - A multiple is the product of a number and any whole number.

negative number - A negative number is a number that is less than 0.

numerator - A numerator is the number above the bar in a fraction.

ordered pair - An ordered pair is a pair of numbers that gives the location of a point on a graph, map, or grid.

pattern - A pattern is a series of numbers or figures that follows a rule.

Examples:  2, 4, 6, 8, 10

perimeter - The perimeter is the distance around a closed figure.

period - A period is each group of 3 digits in a place-value chart

pictograph - A pictograph is a graph that shows data by using symbols.

place value - Place value is the value given to a digit by its place in a number.

polygon - A polygon is a closed 2-dimensional figure that has straight sides.

positive number - A positive number is a number that is greater than 0.

possible outcomes - Possible outcomes are any of the results that could occur in a probability experiment. 

prime numbers - A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 with only itself and 1 as factors.

probability - Probability is the chance that an event will happen.

product - A product is the answer in multiplication. 

quadrilateral - A quadrilateral is a 2-dimensional shape with 4 sides.

quotient - A quotient is the result of division.

range - The range is the difference between the greatest and least numbers in a group of numbers.

remainder - In division, the remainder is the number less than the divisor that remains after the division is completed.

round - To round means to find the nearest value of a number based on a given place value.

scale - The scale is equally spaced marks along a graph.

similar figures - Two figures are similar figures if they have the same shape.  They may be a different size.

simplest form - A fraction is in simplest form when its numerator and denominator have no common factor greater than 1.

standard form - Standard form is a way to write a number that shows only its digits.

square number - A square number is a number that is the product of a number multiplied by itself.

sum - A sum is the answer for an addition problem.

survey - A survey is a collection of data that answers a question or questions.

temperature - Temperature is a measurement that tells how hot or cold something is. 

3-dimensional figure - A 3-dimensional figure is a figure that has length, width, and height. 

tree diagram - A tree diagram is a diagram of all possible outcomes of an event.

triangle - A triangle is a polygon with 3 sides.

2-dimensional figure - A 2-dimensional figure is a figure that has only length and width.

variable - A variable is a symbol used to represent a number or set of numbers.

volume - The volume is the amount of space that a 3-dimensional figure encloses.

weight - Weight is a measurement that tells how heavy an object is.

Zero Property of Multiplication - The Zero Property of Multiplication means that any number multiplied by zero is zero.

Example: 57 X 0 = 0